Study Material

Integration of Indian Financial Markets with Global Financial Markets

Leave a Comment / BBA & BCOM, Calcutta University, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS, MAKAUT, Study Material / By /

The integration of Indian financial markets with global financial markets has been an ongoing process driven by various factors, including globalization, liberalization, technological advancements, and increased cross-border investments. This integration has significant implications for India’s economy and its financial landscape. Here are some key aspects of the integration of Indian financial markets with global financial …

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The Transportation Problem and the Assignment Problem

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The transportation problem The transportation problem is a classic optimization problem in the field of operations research and management science. It involves finding the most cost-effective way to transport goods from multiple suppliers to multiple consumers, taking into account supply and demand constraints, as well as transportation costs. Here are the key components and elements …

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Business Ethics – Chapter 1

Leave a Comment / BBA & BCOM, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Calcutta University, MAKAUT, Osmania University, Study Material / By /

Meaning of Business Ethics Business ethics refers to the moral principles and values that guide the behavior and decision-making processes within the business world. It is a branch of applied ethics that deals with the ethical dilemmas and concerns that arise in the context of business activities. Here’s a more detailed explanation of the meaning …

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Complete Underwriting

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(a) When an entire issue is fully underwritten by a single underwriter:In case, an issue is subscribed fully by the public, the underwriter is relieved from the clutches of any liability. Otherwise, if an issue is not subscribed entirely, the underwriter has to shoulder the liability for the members of shares or debentures that are …

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Concept | Need and Purpose of Audit

Leave a Comment / Auditing and Assurance, BBA & BCOM, Calcutta University, MAKAUT, Osmania University, Study Material / By /

Concept of Audit: An audit is a systematic examination and evaluation of an organization’s financial statements, accounting records, internal controls, and business processes. It is typically conducted by an independent and qualified auditor or auditing firm to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and fairness of the financial information presented by the organization. Need for Audit: Financial …

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Corporate value addition and Economic Value Addition

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“Corporate value addition” and “Economic Value Added (EVA)” are concepts that focus on measuring the value created by a company’s operations and financial decisions. Let us delve into each of these concepts: Corporate Value Addition: Corporate value addition refers to the enhancement of a company’s overall value through various strategies, actions, and decisions. It encompasses …

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Financial Markets: Money Market; Capital Market

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Financial markets can be broadly categorized into two main types: the Money Market and the Capital Market. These markets serve distinct purposes and involve different types of financial instruments. 1. Money Market: The money market deals with short-term debt securities and financial instruments that have high liquidity and typically mature in one year or less. …

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Introduction to Financial Markets in India

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Financial markets in India play a crucial role in the country’s economic development by facilitating the efficient allocation of capital and resources. These markets serve as a platform where various financial instruments are traded, allowing investors and businesses to manage risks, raise capital, and invest in various assets. Here is an introduction to financial markets …

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Underwriting of Shares Solved Sums for BBA 2023

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Illustration 2.2Model: Issue of both shares and debentures underwritten by one underwriter Veer Ltd. issued 5,000 equity shares of 100 each and 5,000 10% debentures of 100 each. The debentures were issued at a discount of 8%. The whole of the issue was underwritten by M/s Durai & Co. for a commission of 2.5% on …

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Underwriting of Shares and Debentures

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When a company issues shares, it should receive the amount of minimum subscription as mentioned in the prospectus. According to the provisions of Section 69 (1) of the Companies Act, the minimum subscription should not be less than 90% of the issue value. It should be received within 120 days from the date of opening …

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